"Iowa Almanac" is a copyrighted production of Stein Enterprises, L.L.C.
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No use of the material is allowed without prior written permission of the copyright holder.
Copyright 2021 by Stein Enterprises, L.L.C.
All Rights Reserved.
No use of the material is allowed without prior written permission of the copyright holder.
Copyright 2021 by Stein Enterprises, L.L.C.
Iowa Almanac for Wednesday, March 31, 2021
"A Battle For A Title"
In late March of 1951, the Iowa boy’s state high school basketball tournament was in the middle of a nine-year run at the University of Iowa Field House in Iowa City. It would be another generation before the tournament moved permanently to Des Moines.
Back then, all schools played in a single tournament, regardless of size. As often happens, casual fans rooted for the underdogs…and the Roland Rockets gave all fans plenty to cheer for that year.
The team from Story County defeated Hull in their first tournament game, then toppled much larger schools—Waterloo West and Des Moines East—on successive nights, leading to Saturday’s championship game.
Their opponent was the Davenport Blue Devils, the defending state champs, who upended Keokuk in their state semi-final game.
The game is memorable for a number of reasons…including the talent on the floor. Davenport forward Carl Widseth and Roland guard Gary Thompson were on the Register’s all-state first team…while Roland forward Ralph Johnson and Davenport guard Merle Jensen were on the second team. Those four were on the state all-tournament team, in great part because of that epic title game.
Davenport led 25-22 at the half, and spurred on by the more than 16,000 fans—many of whom adopted the underdogs—Roland bounced back in the third quarter, taking a 35-31 lead going into the final period. But the Blue Devils responded, outscoring the Rockets 19-5 in the fourth quarter to win the game and the state title 50-40.
The souvenir tournament program that year had a quote on the cover which read, “BASKETBALL is a game in which the victors deserve congratulations and the near victors, respect.”
That was certainly true here, as to a man, the Davenport team stood and applauded as their opponents from Roland were given their runner-up trophy at center court that night.
For Davenport, it was the second of three straight titles they would win to start off the decade. Roland would get its own state championship trophy in 1958, after the tournament had expanded to two classes. And who won the large school title that same year? Davenport, of course.
It’s been 70 years, but they still talk about the night the underdogs from Roland gave the defending champions all they wanted, before Davenport won the boy’s high school basketball tournament...on this date in 1951.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 31st...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"A Battle For A Title"
In late March of 1951, the Iowa boy’s state high school basketball tournament was in the middle of a nine-year run at the University of Iowa Field House in Iowa City. It would be another generation before the tournament moved permanently to Des Moines.
Back then, all schools played in a single tournament, regardless of size. As often happens, casual fans rooted for the underdogs…and the Roland Rockets gave all fans plenty to cheer for that year.
The team from Story County defeated Hull in their first tournament game, then toppled much larger schools—Waterloo West and Des Moines East—on successive nights, leading to Saturday’s championship game.
Their opponent was the Davenport Blue Devils, the defending state champs, who upended Keokuk in their state semi-final game.
The game is memorable for a number of reasons…including the talent on the floor. Davenport forward Carl Widseth and Roland guard Gary Thompson were on the Register’s all-state first team…while Roland forward Ralph Johnson and Davenport guard Merle Jensen were on the second team. Those four were on the state all-tournament team, in great part because of that epic title game.
Davenport led 25-22 at the half, and spurred on by the more than 16,000 fans—many of whom adopted the underdogs—Roland bounced back in the third quarter, taking a 35-31 lead going into the final period. But the Blue Devils responded, outscoring the Rockets 19-5 in the fourth quarter to win the game and the state title 50-40.
The souvenir tournament program that year had a quote on the cover which read, “BASKETBALL is a game in which the victors deserve congratulations and the near victors, respect.”
That was certainly true here, as to a man, the Davenport team stood and applauded as their opponents from Roland were given their runner-up trophy at center court that night.
For Davenport, it was the second of three straight titles they would win to start off the decade. Roland would get its own state championship trophy in 1958, after the tournament had expanded to two classes. And who won the large school title that same year? Davenport, of course.
It’s been 70 years, but they still talk about the night the underdogs from Roland gave the defending champions all they wanted, before Davenport won the boy’s high school basketball tournament...on this date in 1951.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 31st...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Tuesday, March 30, 2021
"Air Mail Tragedy"
The U.S. post office started air mail in August of 1918, using its own planes, mostly World War I surplus. It was dangerous work, with a third of the original 40 pilots dying in crashes in just two years.
To encourage commercial aviation, in 1925 Congress passed legislation allowing the post office to contract with private airlines to handle some of the work. Five years later, the postmaster general got Congress to pass a new law, allowing him to enter into longer term contracts to cut costs. It sounded like a good idea, but that's where trouble started. Postmaster General Walter Folger Brown conspired with airline executives to consolidate the routes and limit true competition.
That led President Franklin Roosevelt to suspend all U.S. air mail contracts on February 9, 1934. The United States Army Air Corps began flying U.S. air mail. But the danger returned.
In the first week of Army Air Corps delivery of air mail alone, five pilots were killed in accidents, largely due to lack of training of Army pilots at the time for flying at night and in bad weather.
On March 30, 1934, Lt. Thurmond A. Wood was flying the mail to Davenport, Iowa, when he entered a severe spring thunderstorm. He attempted to reverse course, but lost control and spun into the ground near DeWitt. He became the 12th Army death in the effort to fly the mail.
About a month later, on May 7, the federal government stopped using Army Air Corps members to fly the mail to regional post offices and worked out temporary contracts with private carriers. During that 78 day period when the Army Air Corps was used, three quarters of a million pounds of mail were moved...but there were 66 accidents and a dozen crew deaths, including the death of Lt. Thurmond Wood, the last of the 12 Army pilots to die while flying the mail, whose plane crashed near DeWitt on this date in 1934.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 30th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"Air Mail Tragedy"
The U.S. post office started air mail in August of 1918, using its own planes, mostly World War I surplus. It was dangerous work, with a third of the original 40 pilots dying in crashes in just two years.
To encourage commercial aviation, in 1925 Congress passed legislation allowing the post office to contract with private airlines to handle some of the work. Five years later, the postmaster general got Congress to pass a new law, allowing him to enter into longer term contracts to cut costs. It sounded like a good idea, but that's where trouble started. Postmaster General Walter Folger Brown conspired with airline executives to consolidate the routes and limit true competition.
That led President Franklin Roosevelt to suspend all U.S. air mail contracts on February 9, 1934. The United States Army Air Corps began flying U.S. air mail. But the danger returned.
In the first week of Army Air Corps delivery of air mail alone, five pilots were killed in accidents, largely due to lack of training of Army pilots at the time for flying at night and in bad weather.
On March 30, 1934, Lt. Thurmond A. Wood was flying the mail to Davenport, Iowa, when he entered a severe spring thunderstorm. He attempted to reverse course, but lost control and spun into the ground near DeWitt. He became the 12th Army death in the effort to fly the mail.
About a month later, on May 7, the federal government stopped using Army Air Corps members to fly the mail to regional post offices and worked out temporary contracts with private carriers. During that 78 day period when the Army Air Corps was used, three quarters of a million pounds of mail were moved...but there were 66 accidents and a dozen crew deaths, including the death of Lt. Thurmond Wood, the last of the 12 Army pilots to die while flying the mail, whose plane crashed near DeWitt on this date in 1934.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 30th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Monday, March 29, 2021
"The State Banner"
This is Iowa's Flag Day, the day on which the Iowa General Assembly officially approved a state flag back in 1921.
There was no state flag for the first 75 years that Iowa was a state. In World War I, Iowa's chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution set up a contest to design a flag that Iowans could carry into battle. The winner was Dixie Cornell Gebhardt of Knoxville, and that Iowa regimental flag was adopted as Iowa's state flag a few years after the war.
Some have noticed a good deal of resemblance between the Iowa flag and that of the country of France. That's no accident. The land that is now Iowa was part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, when the U.S. bought the land from France.
Dixie Gebhardt wrote that "Iowa's banner should embrace the history of its domain from the time of its occupation by the Indians to discovery by the French and purchase from Napoleon by Jefferson, to its admission into the Union, down to the present time. All this should be represented in a design so simple that school children and adults can recognize its symbolism and know that it meant Iowa."
That includes blue, white and red stripes, with an eagle displayed on the white center stripe. The eagle carries in its beak blue streamers with the state motto, "Our Liberties We Prize and Our Rights We Will Maintain". The word "Iowa" is in red, the color of blood. Mrs. Gebhardt said she used that to symbolize the wartime "sacrifice our boys may make for us."
That original flag design was drawn in crayon. You can see it today, on display in the Marion County courthouse in Knoxville.
Iowa's flag has flown proudly now for exactly 100 years, ever since it was approved by the state legislature, on this date in 1921.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 29th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"The State Banner"
This is Iowa's Flag Day, the day on which the Iowa General Assembly officially approved a state flag back in 1921.
There was no state flag for the first 75 years that Iowa was a state. In World War I, Iowa's chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution set up a contest to design a flag that Iowans could carry into battle. The winner was Dixie Cornell Gebhardt of Knoxville, and that Iowa regimental flag was adopted as Iowa's state flag a few years after the war.
Some have noticed a good deal of resemblance between the Iowa flag and that of the country of France. That's no accident. The land that is now Iowa was part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, when the U.S. bought the land from France.
Dixie Gebhardt wrote that "Iowa's banner should embrace the history of its domain from the time of its occupation by the Indians to discovery by the French and purchase from Napoleon by Jefferson, to its admission into the Union, down to the present time. All this should be represented in a design so simple that school children and adults can recognize its symbolism and know that it meant Iowa."
That includes blue, white and red stripes, with an eagle displayed on the white center stripe. The eagle carries in its beak blue streamers with the state motto, "Our Liberties We Prize and Our Rights We Will Maintain". The word "Iowa" is in red, the color of blood. Mrs. Gebhardt said she used that to symbolize the wartime "sacrifice our boys may make for us."
That original flag design was drawn in crayon. You can see it today, on display in the Marion County courthouse in Knoxville.
Iowa's flag has flown proudly now for exactly 100 years, ever since it was approved by the state legislature, on this date in 1921.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 29th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Friday, March 26, 2021
"A Family's Wartime Sacrifice"
More than 76 thousand Iowa men served in the Union army during the U.S. Civil War. No other state had a higher percentage of its male population between the ages of 15 and 40 serve in the military during the war.
And no family gave more than the Littleton family of Louisa County.
James and Martha Littleton arrived there in 1840, six years before Iowa became a state. At the time, they had five children. Five more were born after that. As the Civil War began, there were 10 Littleton children, six boys and four girls, under the age of 30.
One by one, the Littleton men enlisted. Their parents had both died, and while the brothers were fighting in the war, their four sisters were left on the 200 acre family farm near Toolesboro. The oldest, George, enlisted on March 26, 1862. Two of his brothers had already done so. The other three signed up together a few months later, so by summer's end, all six were in the Union Army. And before long, all six would die.
Kendall died in the battle at Prairie Grove, Arkansas before 1862 ended. John was wounded in that fight, and died in a hospital of his injuries. Noah survived that battle, but drowned a few months later while returning in a boat with supplies. William experienced several battles, but died of disease in a military hospital. Thomas was in 10 major battle campaigns, including the Battle of Vicksburg, and was captured by Confederate forces. He died while in prison a year before the war's end.
As for George, he was the only Littleton brother to make it back home. He too was captured, but later released. George was discharged after only 7 months of service because of disease. He returned home but died soon after. Three of every five Union soldiers died from disease.
That included the oldest of Iowa's six Littleton brothers...all of whom died due to the Civil War...George Littleton enlisted to serve, on this date in 1862.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 26th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"A Family's Wartime Sacrifice"
More than 76 thousand Iowa men served in the Union army during the U.S. Civil War. No other state had a higher percentage of its male population between the ages of 15 and 40 serve in the military during the war.
And no family gave more than the Littleton family of Louisa County.
James and Martha Littleton arrived there in 1840, six years before Iowa became a state. At the time, they had five children. Five more were born after that. As the Civil War began, there were 10 Littleton children, six boys and four girls, under the age of 30.
One by one, the Littleton men enlisted. Their parents had both died, and while the brothers were fighting in the war, their four sisters were left on the 200 acre family farm near Toolesboro. The oldest, George, enlisted on March 26, 1862. Two of his brothers had already done so. The other three signed up together a few months later, so by summer's end, all six were in the Union Army. And before long, all six would die.
Kendall died in the battle at Prairie Grove, Arkansas before 1862 ended. John was wounded in that fight, and died in a hospital of his injuries. Noah survived that battle, but drowned a few months later while returning in a boat with supplies. William experienced several battles, but died of disease in a military hospital. Thomas was in 10 major battle campaigns, including the Battle of Vicksburg, and was captured by Confederate forces. He died while in prison a year before the war's end.
As for George, he was the only Littleton brother to make it back home. He too was captured, but later released. George was discharged after only 7 months of service because of disease. He returned home but died soon after. Three of every five Union soldiers died from disease.
That included the oldest of Iowa's six Littleton brothers...all of whom died due to the Civil War...George Littleton enlisted to serve, on this date in 1862.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 26th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Thursday, March 25, 2021
"Iowa Makes Movie History"
It wasn't all that long ago that people marveled at being able to buy video tapes of their favorite movies to watch any time they wanted at home. Then technology advanced, and DVDs of those movies became all the rage.
Iowa worked aggressively during the 1990s to bring Hollywood filmmakers to Iowa to shoot their movies. One of those was the movie "Twister", which was filmed in part around Boone, Ames, and Eldora. The movie starred Helen Hunt and Bill Paxton as storm chasers researching tornadoes. It had a budget of $92 million, and grossed nearly a half billion at the box office worldwide when it was released in 1996.
One of the scenes called for a tornado to demolish an old Iowa farmhouse. Producers selected a century-old Hardin County home that was once the grandest home in the county. It had been boarded up for the previous 30 years and seemed like the perfect spot.
But people in the area got upset at the thought of the old Follett home being destroyed in this way. So they got the owner of the property to change his mind, and the moviemakers changed the script, demolishing only the barns and outbuildings for the movie...even adding a line to the script, with an actor saying "Look, it didn't take the house."
The "Twister House", as it became known, became a bed and breakfast for about 10 years after the movie. You can see it now if you have a DVD of the movie...and if that DVD was one of the original ones released in 1997, it may actually be a collector's item.
You see, the movie "Twister", filmed in Iowa, was the very first feature film ever to be released on DVD. The "Twister" DVD was released for sale on this date in 1997.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 25th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"Iowa Makes Movie History"
It wasn't all that long ago that people marveled at being able to buy video tapes of their favorite movies to watch any time they wanted at home. Then technology advanced, and DVDs of those movies became all the rage.
Iowa worked aggressively during the 1990s to bring Hollywood filmmakers to Iowa to shoot their movies. One of those was the movie "Twister", which was filmed in part around Boone, Ames, and Eldora. The movie starred Helen Hunt and Bill Paxton as storm chasers researching tornadoes. It had a budget of $92 million, and grossed nearly a half billion at the box office worldwide when it was released in 1996.
One of the scenes called for a tornado to demolish an old Iowa farmhouse. Producers selected a century-old Hardin County home that was once the grandest home in the county. It had been boarded up for the previous 30 years and seemed like the perfect spot.
But people in the area got upset at the thought of the old Follett home being destroyed in this way. So they got the owner of the property to change his mind, and the moviemakers changed the script, demolishing only the barns and outbuildings for the movie...even adding a line to the script, with an actor saying "Look, it didn't take the house."
The "Twister House", as it became known, became a bed and breakfast for about 10 years after the movie. You can see it now if you have a DVD of the movie...and if that DVD was one of the original ones released in 1997, it may actually be a collector's item.
You see, the movie "Twister", filmed in Iowa, was the very first feature film ever to be released on DVD. The "Twister" DVD was released for sale on this date in 1997.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 25th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Wednesday, March 24, 2021
"Supporting Equal Rights"
The Iowa Legislature adjourned for the year on this date in 1972, after meeting for 75 working days. It was a Friday; the Senate finished its business around 8 p.m., and the House followed suit two hours later.
Among the actions taken on that last day of the session was to ratify the equal rights for women amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Iowa was the fourth state in the nation to ratify the amendment, which passed each chamber of the legislature overwhemingly... 44 to 1 in the Senate, and 71 to 15 in the House.
Among those speaking in favor of the measure was Iowa City Democrat Sen. Minnette Doderer. She noted that many men wanted to protect women, as the weaker sex. In response, Sen. Doderer said, "I know you want to protect us...from equal pay, from equal educational opportunities, from every equality you have, and we want."
Only Democrat Sen. Eugene Hill from Newton voted against it in that chamber, joking that he wasn't sure if he was for or against the resolution, because he hadn't discussed it with his wife first.
A New Hartford representative, Charles Grassley, urged the legislature to delay voting until the following year so there was more time to consider the issue. In the end, he voted in favor of ratification, saying on the floor of the House, "If I was getting out of politics, I'd have voted against it."
At that point, Iowa joined Hawaii, Nebraska and New Hampshire as states voting for ratification; the others approved it that same week. The original deadline for states to ratify the amendment was 1979. That was later extended to 1982, but in the end, only 35 states approved the effort, short of the 38 needed for passage.
Now nearly 50 years later, there's still no equal rights amendment to the constitution. But despite concern about whether approval would mean integrated toilet facilities, as was suggested during floor debate, the Iowa legislature ratified the equal rights amendment, on this date in 1972.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 24th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"Supporting Equal Rights"
The Iowa Legislature adjourned for the year on this date in 1972, after meeting for 75 working days. It was a Friday; the Senate finished its business around 8 p.m., and the House followed suit two hours later.
Among the actions taken on that last day of the session was to ratify the equal rights for women amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Iowa was the fourth state in the nation to ratify the amendment, which passed each chamber of the legislature overwhemingly... 44 to 1 in the Senate, and 71 to 15 in the House.
Among those speaking in favor of the measure was Iowa City Democrat Sen. Minnette Doderer. She noted that many men wanted to protect women, as the weaker sex. In response, Sen. Doderer said, "I know you want to protect us...from equal pay, from equal educational opportunities, from every equality you have, and we want."
Only Democrat Sen. Eugene Hill from Newton voted against it in that chamber, joking that he wasn't sure if he was for or against the resolution, because he hadn't discussed it with his wife first.
A New Hartford representative, Charles Grassley, urged the legislature to delay voting until the following year so there was more time to consider the issue. In the end, he voted in favor of ratification, saying on the floor of the House, "If I was getting out of politics, I'd have voted against it."
At that point, Iowa joined Hawaii, Nebraska and New Hampshire as states voting for ratification; the others approved it that same week. The original deadline for states to ratify the amendment was 1979. That was later extended to 1982, but in the end, only 35 states approved the effort, short of the 38 needed for passage.
Now nearly 50 years later, there's still no equal rights amendment to the constitution. But despite concern about whether approval would mean integrated toilet facilities, as was suggested during floor debate, the Iowa legislature ratified the equal rights amendment, on this date in 1972.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 24th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Tuesday, March 23, 2021
"Dome Deflation"
In 1972, officials at the University of Northern Iowa presented a bold plan. They would build a new facility for football and basketball. But unlike traditional facilities, this one would be a dome, with a white, air-supported, soft fabric roof. It would be the first of its kind in Iowa and the Midwest when it opened in 1976, part of the university’s centennial celebration.
It quickly became a landmark for travelers, who could see it from the road or the air for miles around. The UNI-Dome, as it was called, became home to the state high school football playoffs because of its unique nature and controlled environment. Public address announcers always noted that the winds were calm and it was 72 degrees at game time.
And it hosted major concerts, including the Rolling Stones, Fleetwood Mac, the Grateful Dead, and more.
When construction began in August 1974, the $7.5 million facility was only the fourth air-supported, fabric-roofed coliseum in the world. But ultimately there was a problem…snow had to be removed from the roof to take weight off the air-supported fabric. That was a dangerous challenge, and ultimately, a heavy wet snowfall damaged and deflated the roof on Dec. 7, 1994. That was actually the third weather-related deflation…the other two were due to strong thunderstorms and heavy rain in the 1970s.
UNI officials came up with a new plan…replacing the air-supported roof with a stainless steel fixed roof, but with a center skylight of Teflon-coated Fiberglass fabric.
So on March 23rd, 1998, the dome was deflated, on purpose. It took around two hours, and then the 178,000 square foot fabric—some 4.1 acres worth—was removed. It wound up going to the nearby Bremer County Landfill as a cover tarp.
The original air-supported fabric roof of the UNI-Dome in Cedar Falls was deflated for the final time, on this date in 1998.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 23rd...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"Dome Deflation"
In 1972, officials at the University of Northern Iowa presented a bold plan. They would build a new facility for football and basketball. But unlike traditional facilities, this one would be a dome, with a white, air-supported, soft fabric roof. It would be the first of its kind in Iowa and the Midwest when it opened in 1976, part of the university’s centennial celebration.
It quickly became a landmark for travelers, who could see it from the road or the air for miles around. The UNI-Dome, as it was called, became home to the state high school football playoffs because of its unique nature and controlled environment. Public address announcers always noted that the winds were calm and it was 72 degrees at game time.
And it hosted major concerts, including the Rolling Stones, Fleetwood Mac, the Grateful Dead, and more.
When construction began in August 1974, the $7.5 million facility was only the fourth air-supported, fabric-roofed coliseum in the world. But ultimately there was a problem…snow had to be removed from the roof to take weight off the air-supported fabric. That was a dangerous challenge, and ultimately, a heavy wet snowfall damaged and deflated the roof on Dec. 7, 1994. That was actually the third weather-related deflation…the other two were due to strong thunderstorms and heavy rain in the 1970s.
UNI officials came up with a new plan…replacing the air-supported roof with a stainless steel fixed roof, but with a center skylight of Teflon-coated Fiberglass fabric.
So on March 23rd, 1998, the dome was deflated, on purpose. It took around two hours, and then the 178,000 square foot fabric—some 4.1 acres worth—was removed. It wound up going to the nearby Bremer County Landfill as a cover tarp.
The original air-supported fabric roof of the UNI-Dome in Cedar Falls was deflated for the final time, on this date in 1998.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 23rd...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Monday, March 22, 2021
"Iowa's Goldfinch"
School children learn early on that our state flower is the wild rose…our state rock is the geode…our state tree is the oak…and our state bird is the Eastern Goldfinch, also known as the American Goldfinch or Wild Canary.
But how the bird with the bright yellow body with black wings and tail became official is a story worth telling.
In early 1926, the president of the Iowa Ornithologists’ Union, Walter Rosene, made his members aware of the fact that Nebraska had recently named a state bird. His rationale was that if we had a state flower, why not a state bird? So he asked members for suggestions.
Ideas were submitted, but no consensus developed. Five years later, the group’s president, Dr. F.L.R. Roberts, raised the issue again and appointed a committee…including former president Rosene, and another former president, Walter Bennett…to make recommendations for consideration at the group’s annual meeting.
The next spring, at their annual banquet, Iowa Ornithologists’ Union members debated the merits of various birds on a list before unanimously voting for the goldfinch, because it was commonly known and found in Iowa year-round.
The matter was presented to state representative J. Wilbur Dole, who introduced a bill in the legislature. Colleagues asked him why the goldfinch was picked, as opposed to the robin, bluebird, or quail. He replied that other states had already selected those. Some wondered why a state bird was even needed. He pointed out that only four other states did not have one.
And so it was that the Eastern Goldfinch…spinus tristis tristis…became Iowa’s state bird, when a bill was passed and signed into law on this date in 1933.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 22nd...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"Iowa's Goldfinch"
School children learn early on that our state flower is the wild rose…our state rock is the geode…our state tree is the oak…and our state bird is the Eastern Goldfinch, also known as the American Goldfinch or Wild Canary.
But how the bird with the bright yellow body with black wings and tail became official is a story worth telling.
In early 1926, the president of the Iowa Ornithologists’ Union, Walter Rosene, made his members aware of the fact that Nebraska had recently named a state bird. His rationale was that if we had a state flower, why not a state bird? So he asked members for suggestions.
Ideas were submitted, but no consensus developed. Five years later, the group’s president, Dr. F.L.R. Roberts, raised the issue again and appointed a committee…including former president Rosene, and another former president, Walter Bennett…to make recommendations for consideration at the group’s annual meeting.
The next spring, at their annual banquet, Iowa Ornithologists’ Union members debated the merits of various birds on a list before unanimously voting for the goldfinch, because it was commonly known and found in Iowa year-round.
The matter was presented to state representative J. Wilbur Dole, who introduced a bill in the legislature. Colleagues asked him why the goldfinch was picked, as opposed to the robin, bluebird, or quail. He replied that other states had already selected those. Some wondered why a state bird was even needed. He pointed out that only four other states did not have one.
And so it was that the Eastern Goldfinch…spinus tristis tristis…became Iowa’s state bird, when a bill was passed and signed into law on this date in 1933.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 22nd...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Friday, March 19, 2021
"Sartorial Splendor"
It used to be one of the rites of passage for a young man when he learned how to tie his own necktie. Despite how fashionable they still are, however, many of us have never gotten the hang of tying a bowtie.
It was that way more than a hundred years ago, too…bowties were an important part of a gentleman’s wardrobe, but it was hard to get them to look just right.
Those who operated a Waterloo-based business, United Neckwear Manufacturing Company, thought their business might improve if they could figure out a way to make an easier-to-use bowtie.
So company president Robert C. Pedersen and manager Erskine C. McConnell worked on creating a fastener that allows a bowtie to clip on to a collared shirt. They filed for a patent with the U.S. Patent Office in the summer of 1917.
Eight months later, the patent was awarded and they set up shop in the 300 block of East Fourth Street in downtown Waterloo, making their patented clip-on bowties. Business was booming for a time, leading to two different expansions within the city before the company moved to Minneapolis in the late 1920s.
If you look at a clip-on bowtie made today, the mechanics are pretty much the same as when two neckwear manufacturers came up with the idea…because good ideas don’t have to change much.
The patent for the first clip-on bowtie was awarded to two Waterloo men, on this date in 1918.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 19th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"Sartorial Splendor"
It used to be one of the rites of passage for a young man when he learned how to tie his own necktie. Despite how fashionable they still are, however, many of us have never gotten the hang of tying a bowtie.
It was that way more than a hundred years ago, too…bowties were an important part of a gentleman’s wardrobe, but it was hard to get them to look just right.
Those who operated a Waterloo-based business, United Neckwear Manufacturing Company, thought their business might improve if they could figure out a way to make an easier-to-use bowtie.
So company president Robert C. Pedersen and manager Erskine C. McConnell worked on creating a fastener that allows a bowtie to clip on to a collared shirt. They filed for a patent with the U.S. Patent Office in the summer of 1917.
Eight months later, the patent was awarded and they set up shop in the 300 block of East Fourth Street in downtown Waterloo, making their patented clip-on bowties. Business was booming for a time, leading to two different expansions within the city before the company moved to Minneapolis in the late 1920s.
If you look at a clip-on bowtie made today, the mechanics are pretty much the same as when two neckwear manufacturers came up with the idea…because good ideas don’t have to change much.
The patent for the first clip-on bowtie was awarded to two Waterloo men, on this date in 1918.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 19th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Thursday, March 18, 2021
"A Founder of the Tractor"
In 1892, two students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison with similar names met...one was Charles Hart, the other was Charles Parr. They had other interests in common, too. They worked on a special honors thesis together, and from that plan built three working internal combustion engines on the campus there.
After graduation in 1897, Hart and Parr secured $3,000 in capital and founded their own business, the Hart-Parr Gasoline Engine Company. But they needed more money in order to expand the business and explore a new project. Near the end of 1899, Hart visited his parents in Charles City and mentioned his financial dilemma. Hart's father said there were people with money in that area who might be interested. Local attorney Charles Ellis was one of those; he invested $50,000 in the Hart-Parr project.
As a result, the two men moved their business to Charles City in 1901, and the next year, debuted Hart-Parr Tractor number 1. A salesman ran demonstrations at county fairs, and slowly the new machine gained favor. Some of the first tractors delivered were demonstrating usefulness far surpassing that of steam engines.
They used the phrase "traction engine" to define their creation, but in 1906, Hart-Parr's sales manager, W.H. Williams, decided the phrase was too vague and too long to use in news releases, so he invented the word "tractor", combining traction and power.
As a result, and because the Charles City plant was the first to be continuously and exclusively used for tractor production, Hart and Parr were given the title as founders of the tractor industry.
In 1929, the company merged with a number of other similar manufacturers, all using the name Oliver...and while the Hart-Parr name disappeared from machines, Charles Parr stayed with the company he founded until his death in 1941.
Today, we remember one of the founders of the tractor, Charles Parr, for he was born on this date in 1868.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 18th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"A Founder of the Tractor"
In 1892, two students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison with similar names met...one was Charles Hart, the other was Charles Parr. They had other interests in common, too. They worked on a special honors thesis together, and from that plan built three working internal combustion engines on the campus there.
After graduation in 1897, Hart and Parr secured $3,000 in capital and founded their own business, the Hart-Parr Gasoline Engine Company. But they needed more money in order to expand the business and explore a new project. Near the end of 1899, Hart visited his parents in Charles City and mentioned his financial dilemma. Hart's father said there were people with money in that area who might be interested. Local attorney Charles Ellis was one of those; he invested $50,000 in the Hart-Parr project.
As a result, the two men moved their business to Charles City in 1901, and the next year, debuted Hart-Parr Tractor number 1. A salesman ran demonstrations at county fairs, and slowly the new machine gained favor. Some of the first tractors delivered were demonstrating usefulness far surpassing that of steam engines.
They used the phrase "traction engine" to define their creation, but in 1906, Hart-Parr's sales manager, W.H. Williams, decided the phrase was too vague and too long to use in news releases, so he invented the word "tractor", combining traction and power.
As a result, and because the Charles City plant was the first to be continuously and exclusively used for tractor production, Hart and Parr were given the title as founders of the tractor industry.
In 1929, the company merged with a number of other similar manufacturers, all using the name Oliver...and while the Hart-Parr name disappeared from machines, Charles Parr stayed with the company he founded until his death in 1941.
Today, we remember one of the founders of the tractor, Charles Parr, for he was born on this date in 1868.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 18th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Wednesday, March 17, 2021
"Class Is In Session"
The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm was officially established on March 22, 1858, by the Iowa Legislature. But that was just in concept. It took more than a year before Story County was selected as the site for the college. And it became the first land grant institution in America, as designated by the Iowa legislature in 1864. But it would still be quite a while later before there were any students.
What became known as the Iowa State Agricultural College, or I.A.C., was formally opened for the admission of students on March 17, 1869, almost 11 years to the day after legislation was passed establishing it. A preparatory class of 70 men and women was received the previous October, making the school coeducational from the beginning.
On that first formal day of classes in 1869, President Adonijah S. Welch was inaugurated, and the Main Building was dedicated. It had been completed the year before at a cost of $10,570 and included a reception room, library, lecture hall, professors' room, students' rooms, a chapel, kitchen, laundry, and dining room.
The curriculum of the new college focused on agriculture and mechanic arts. In the first term, classes were taught in rhetoric, landscape gardening, German, algebra, arithmetic, bookkeeping, geography, analysis, and instrumental music.
The first class, made up of 24 men and 2 women, graduated in 1872.
You might know this facility better today as the Iowa State University of Science and Technology, the name it has had since 1959.
But as the Iowa State Agricultural College, it officially opened to students on this date in 1869.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 17th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"Class Is In Session"
The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm was officially established on March 22, 1858, by the Iowa Legislature. But that was just in concept. It took more than a year before Story County was selected as the site for the college. And it became the first land grant institution in America, as designated by the Iowa legislature in 1864. But it would still be quite a while later before there were any students.
What became known as the Iowa State Agricultural College, or I.A.C., was formally opened for the admission of students on March 17, 1869, almost 11 years to the day after legislation was passed establishing it. A preparatory class of 70 men and women was received the previous October, making the school coeducational from the beginning.
On that first formal day of classes in 1869, President Adonijah S. Welch was inaugurated, and the Main Building was dedicated. It had been completed the year before at a cost of $10,570 and included a reception room, library, lecture hall, professors' room, students' rooms, a chapel, kitchen, laundry, and dining room.
The curriculum of the new college focused on agriculture and mechanic arts. In the first term, classes were taught in rhetoric, landscape gardening, German, algebra, arithmetic, bookkeeping, geography, analysis, and instrumental music.
The first class, made up of 24 men and 2 women, graduated in 1872.
You might know this facility better today as the Iowa State University of Science and Technology, the name it has had since 1959.
But as the Iowa State Agricultural College, it officially opened to students on this date in 1869.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 17th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Tuesday, March 16, 2021
"The First Championship"
For decades, Iowa girls played six on six basketball. As time went on, it became one of the 20th century's unique traditions, with a state tournament that was more successful than those in other states.
But at the college level, young women played five on five basketball, and states began switching to the full court game over time. A legal challenge was brought in Iowa, alleging that the six on six game discriminated against Iowa girls who wanted college scholarships.
In an attempt to please all parties, schools got the option beginning with the 1984-1985 season...they could play the traditional six on six game, or switch to five on five.
That meant two state tournament fields, and two state champions. In fact, the Iowa Girls High School Athletic Union would sanction both forms of play for nine seasons, before the six on six format ended in 1993.
The first five on five championship was played on March 16, 1985 before a near-capacity crowd at Veterans Memorial Auditorium in Des Moines. The game had a Linn County flavor, as Linn-Mar lived up to its number one ranking by defeating Cedar Rapids Washington 56 to 40. All-tournament team captain Juli Campbell scored 17 points for the Lions, who finished the season 25 and 1.
Later that evening, top-ranked Fort Dodge defeated Waterloo Columbus 88 to 81 in the six on six player championship.
But the night will be forever remembered as when Linn-Mar won Iowa's first girls five on five player basketball championship, on this date in 1985.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 16th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"The First Championship"
For decades, Iowa girls played six on six basketball. As time went on, it became one of the 20th century's unique traditions, with a state tournament that was more successful than those in other states.
But at the college level, young women played five on five basketball, and states began switching to the full court game over time. A legal challenge was brought in Iowa, alleging that the six on six game discriminated against Iowa girls who wanted college scholarships.
In an attempt to please all parties, schools got the option beginning with the 1984-1985 season...they could play the traditional six on six game, or switch to five on five.
That meant two state tournament fields, and two state champions. In fact, the Iowa Girls High School Athletic Union would sanction both forms of play for nine seasons, before the six on six format ended in 1993.
The first five on five championship was played on March 16, 1985 before a near-capacity crowd at Veterans Memorial Auditorium in Des Moines. The game had a Linn County flavor, as Linn-Mar lived up to its number one ranking by defeating Cedar Rapids Washington 56 to 40. All-tournament team captain Juli Campbell scored 17 points for the Lions, who finished the season 25 and 1.
Later that evening, top-ranked Fort Dodge defeated Waterloo Columbus 88 to 81 in the six on six player championship.
But the night will be forever remembered as when Linn-Mar won Iowa's first girls five on five player basketball championship, on this date in 1985.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 16th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Monday, March 15, 2021
"The Last Execution"
On March 15th, 1963, Victor Harry Feguer was executed at the Iowa State Penitentiary in Fort Madison. He was the last prisoner executed in Iowa, and the last federal inmate executed in the United States until Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh met his fate.
Feguer was a bit of a drifter, a Michigan native. He came to Dubuque in the summer of 1960. Almost immediately, he began carrying out the murder that led to his own death. He began calling doctors, going alphabetically in the phone book, claiming a woman needed medical attention. One, Dr. Edward Bartels, responded. Feguer kidnapped him, crossed into Illinois, and killed him. Officials believed it was to get drugs the doctor might have. Feguer was caught in Alabama, trying to sell the doctor's car.
Because he crossed state lines, his crime came under the federal courts. He was convicted and sentenced to hang. Gov. Harold Hughes, a death penalty opponent, even contacted President John Kennedy, seeking clemency for Feguer; Kennedy thought the crime was so brutal, he denied the request.
For his last meal, Feguer requested a single olive with the pit still in it. He said he hoped that an olive tree--a symbol of peace--would sprout from his grave.
Shortly before sunrise, wearing a new suit provided by the prison, Victor Feguer was hanged. He was buried in an unmarked grave in Fort Madison, wearing a second new suit provided for his burial--the olive stone from his last meal tucked in a pocket.
Iowa abolished the death penalty for state crimes two years later, making Victor Feguer the last prisoner to be executed within the borders of the state, on this date in 1963.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 15th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"The Last Execution"
On March 15th, 1963, Victor Harry Feguer was executed at the Iowa State Penitentiary in Fort Madison. He was the last prisoner executed in Iowa, and the last federal inmate executed in the United States until Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh met his fate.
Feguer was a bit of a drifter, a Michigan native. He came to Dubuque in the summer of 1960. Almost immediately, he began carrying out the murder that led to his own death. He began calling doctors, going alphabetically in the phone book, claiming a woman needed medical attention. One, Dr. Edward Bartels, responded. Feguer kidnapped him, crossed into Illinois, and killed him. Officials believed it was to get drugs the doctor might have. Feguer was caught in Alabama, trying to sell the doctor's car.
Because he crossed state lines, his crime came under the federal courts. He was convicted and sentenced to hang. Gov. Harold Hughes, a death penalty opponent, even contacted President John Kennedy, seeking clemency for Feguer; Kennedy thought the crime was so brutal, he denied the request.
For his last meal, Feguer requested a single olive with the pit still in it. He said he hoped that an olive tree--a symbol of peace--would sprout from his grave.
Shortly before sunrise, wearing a new suit provided by the prison, Victor Feguer was hanged. He was buried in an unmarked grave in Fort Madison, wearing a second new suit provided for his burial--the olive stone from his last meal tucked in a pocket.
Iowa abolished the death penalty for state crimes two years later, making Victor Feguer the last prisoner to be executed within the borders of the state, on this date in 1963.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 15th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Friday, March 12, 2021
"Setting New Standards"
Prior to 1907, Iowa's hospitals set their own educational standards as a condition of employment. There was nothing to prohibit a person from claiming to be a nurse...no uniform requirements regarding training, no licenses, no competency examinations.
On March 12, 1907, the Iowa Legislature took the first step toward making sure those who provided nursing care to Iowans were qualified. That came with passage of the Nurse Practice Act, which required education and licensure by examination.
That law required applicants to be at least 23 years of age, and of "good moral character". That last requirement remained part of Iowa law until 1964, and was often proven by references from clergy and teachers.
Licenses could be revoked for fraud, immoral or unprofessional conduct, or violation of Board of Health rules. And those who practiced nursing without a license were guilty of a misdemeanor.
But there was no definition of what nursing was. That did not come until 1938, when language referencing licensing and actual duties of the profession was included in Iowa law.
The first licensing exam had 50 essay questions. There were 10 questions on "diseases of men", but those were taken by men only. A total of 695 nurses were licensed right away without a test, based on their past experience or education. Seven people took that first exam in 1908...all passed.
Nearly a century later, in 2000, legislation was passed making Iowa the 9th state to join the multi-state licensure compact agreement, to allow nurses licensed in one state to practice in any other state that was part of the compact.
But the regulation of nursing as a profession began when the first Nurse Practice Act was passed, on this date in 1907.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 12th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"Setting New Standards"
Prior to 1907, Iowa's hospitals set their own educational standards as a condition of employment. There was nothing to prohibit a person from claiming to be a nurse...no uniform requirements regarding training, no licenses, no competency examinations.
On March 12, 1907, the Iowa Legislature took the first step toward making sure those who provided nursing care to Iowans were qualified. That came with passage of the Nurse Practice Act, which required education and licensure by examination.
That law required applicants to be at least 23 years of age, and of "good moral character". That last requirement remained part of Iowa law until 1964, and was often proven by references from clergy and teachers.
Licenses could be revoked for fraud, immoral or unprofessional conduct, or violation of Board of Health rules. And those who practiced nursing without a license were guilty of a misdemeanor.
But there was no definition of what nursing was. That did not come until 1938, when language referencing licensing and actual duties of the profession was included in Iowa law.
The first licensing exam had 50 essay questions. There were 10 questions on "diseases of men", but those were taken by men only. A total of 695 nurses were licensed right away without a test, based on their past experience or education. Seven people took that first exam in 1908...all passed.
Nearly a century later, in 2000, legislation was passed making Iowa the 9th state to join the multi-state licensure compact agreement, to allow nurses licensed in one state to practice in any other state that was part of the compact.
But the regulation of nursing as a profession began when the first Nurse Practice Act was passed, on this date in 1907.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 12th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Thursday, March 11, 2021
"From Peking to the Medal of Honor"
On March 11, 1902, the first-year plebes were assembled at the West Point military academy. Their commander in chief, President Theodore Roosevelt, was there. He walked over to Iowa native Calvin Titus, pinned a Medal of Honor on his coat, and said, “Now, don’t let this give you the big head.” The action even impressed one of the second year classmen, named Douglas MacArthur.
Calvin Titus was born in Vinton. After his mother died, he left the state at age 11, and accompanied his uncle, who was a travelling preacher, around the country. In 1898, the 19-year-old Calvin heard that the battleship Maine had sank, and that prompted him to enlist.
By the summer of 1900, Titus was an Army bugler, marching toward Peking in scorching heat as part of an international military rescue operation. Their mission was to free a group of foreigners trapped there. The Boxer Rebellion was escalating, and the 14th Infantry from the Philippines was advancing toward Peking. They were stopped by a 30 foot wall surrounding a compound where the foreigners and a group of Chinese Christians were being isolated.
The troop commander looked up at the wall and wondered aloud if it was possible to climb it. Calvin Titus spoke up, saying, “I’ll try it, Sir.” The men of his company watched as Titus made his way up the wall, placing his feet in the cavities and clinging with his fingers to the projecting bricks. Higher and higher he climbed, until he reached the top. But would danger, in the form of Chinese troops, be waiting for him there?
Calvin Titus carefully peered over the top of the wall. The Chinese soldiers had left the scene, and Titus urged his fellow soldiers to follow suit, climbing the wall to liberate those inside the compound. The Allied troops lift the siege, the Boxer Rebellion is stopped, and Titus is a hero. His hometown of Vinton made him the guest of honor at its 1901 Independence Day celebration.
His phrase, “I’ll try, Sir,” became the motto of the 14th Infantry. In honor of his bravery, President William McKinley granted Titus a West Point commission. He later became a lieutenant colonel, and ran the Coe College ROTC program until retiring around 1930. But the president personally awarded Iowa’s Calvin Titus the Medal of Honor, on this date in 1902.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 11th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"From Peking to the Medal of Honor"
On March 11, 1902, the first-year plebes were assembled at the West Point military academy. Their commander in chief, President Theodore Roosevelt, was there. He walked over to Iowa native Calvin Titus, pinned a Medal of Honor on his coat, and said, “Now, don’t let this give you the big head.” The action even impressed one of the second year classmen, named Douglas MacArthur.
Calvin Titus was born in Vinton. After his mother died, he left the state at age 11, and accompanied his uncle, who was a travelling preacher, around the country. In 1898, the 19-year-old Calvin heard that the battleship Maine had sank, and that prompted him to enlist.
By the summer of 1900, Titus was an Army bugler, marching toward Peking in scorching heat as part of an international military rescue operation. Their mission was to free a group of foreigners trapped there. The Boxer Rebellion was escalating, and the 14th Infantry from the Philippines was advancing toward Peking. They were stopped by a 30 foot wall surrounding a compound where the foreigners and a group of Chinese Christians were being isolated.
The troop commander looked up at the wall and wondered aloud if it was possible to climb it. Calvin Titus spoke up, saying, “I’ll try it, Sir.” The men of his company watched as Titus made his way up the wall, placing his feet in the cavities and clinging with his fingers to the projecting bricks. Higher and higher he climbed, until he reached the top. But would danger, in the form of Chinese troops, be waiting for him there?
Calvin Titus carefully peered over the top of the wall. The Chinese soldiers had left the scene, and Titus urged his fellow soldiers to follow suit, climbing the wall to liberate those inside the compound. The Allied troops lift the siege, the Boxer Rebellion is stopped, and Titus is a hero. His hometown of Vinton made him the guest of honor at its 1901 Independence Day celebration.
His phrase, “I’ll try, Sir,” became the motto of the 14th Infantry. In honor of his bravery, President William McKinley granted Titus a West Point commission. He later became a lieutenant colonel, and ran the Coe College ROTC program until retiring around 1930. But the president personally awarded Iowa’s Calvin Titus the Medal of Honor, on this date in 1902.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 11th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Wednesday, March 10, 2021
"Iowa's Jazz Man"
He was one of the most influential jazz soloists of the 1920s, and he was born in Davenport on March 10, 1903.
Leon Bismark Beiderbecke, better known as Bix, taught himself to play cornet largely by ear, leading him to adopt a non-standard fingering some critics have associated with his original sound.
In 1927, he recorded “In a Mist”, one of his few piano compositions, which blended classical and jazz influences.
The next year, he joined the most prestigious dance orchestra in the country, the Paul Whiteman Orchestra. He played on four number one records with Whiteman in 1928 alone. Along with Louis Armstrong, Bix was one of jazz’s first soloists.
Tragically, the heavy touring schedule and Bix’s alcoholism led to a decline in his health. Despite intervention by both Whiteman and his family, Bix left the orchestra in 1930 and died the following summer in his New York apartment. He was only 28 years of age.
Today, his childhood home on Grand Avenue in Davenport is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. And he was posthumously inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.
If you go to LeClaire Park in Davenport, you’ll see a memorial to Bix Beiderbecke, the local musician who became nationally known…and who was born on this date in 1903.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 10th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"Iowa's Jazz Man"
He was one of the most influential jazz soloists of the 1920s, and he was born in Davenport on March 10, 1903.
Leon Bismark Beiderbecke, better known as Bix, taught himself to play cornet largely by ear, leading him to adopt a non-standard fingering some critics have associated with his original sound.
In 1927, he recorded “In a Mist”, one of his few piano compositions, which blended classical and jazz influences.
The next year, he joined the most prestigious dance orchestra in the country, the Paul Whiteman Orchestra. He played on four number one records with Whiteman in 1928 alone. Along with Louis Armstrong, Bix was one of jazz’s first soloists.
Tragically, the heavy touring schedule and Bix’s alcoholism led to a decline in his health. Despite intervention by both Whiteman and his family, Bix left the orchestra in 1930 and died the following summer in his New York apartment. He was only 28 years of age.
Today, his childhood home on Grand Avenue in Davenport is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. And he was posthumously inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.
If you go to LeClaire Park in Davenport, you’ll see a memorial to Bix Beiderbecke, the local musician who became nationally known…and who was born on this date in 1903.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 10th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Tuesday, March 09, 2021
"Death By Hanging"
It was a gruesome scene in the basement of the one-room schoolhouse near Dorchester in Allamakee County. On December 12, 1921, a 23-year-old teacher, Inga Magnussen, was bludgeoned in the head with a log by a man named Earl Throst. Throst fantasized about having a relationship with Inga, and when she spurned his advances, he killed her.
Throst was characterized as a local misfit; even his parents said he was very troubled. Once identified as a suspect, bloodhounds were brought in from Waterloo to help with the search for Throst, who was apprehended in Postville, just as he was about to board a train.
The crime was brutal and attracted attention for that fact. But it got even more attention because the Allamakee County Sheriff at the time was Gunda Martindale. She had been appointed to fill the rest of her husband's term, after he died while in office. It was not uncommon at the time for spouses to be given the job, since sheriffs did not have pensions to benefit their families.
Papers around the country exaggerated her role in the search and capture of Throst. One said she saved him from a lynch mob by taking him into custody. Another quoted her as being anxious to personally spring the trap at his hanging.
When a reporter actually talked to her, Sheriff Gunda Martindale was clear that the active investigation that led to Throst's capture was carried out by deputies, and denied that she had followed the bloodhounds day and night on the trail. It was a good story, but not true. Her term in office ended on January 1, 1923. She did not run for election because, in her words, "the job of sheriff belongs to a man".
As for Earl Throst, he admitted killing Inga Magnussen. And he became the tenth person executed by hanging in Iowa history, in the prison yard at Fort Madison, on this date in 1923.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 9th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"Death By Hanging"
It was a gruesome scene in the basement of the one-room schoolhouse near Dorchester in Allamakee County. On December 12, 1921, a 23-year-old teacher, Inga Magnussen, was bludgeoned in the head with a log by a man named Earl Throst. Throst fantasized about having a relationship with Inga, and when she spurned his advances, he killed her.
Throst was characterized as a local misfit; even his parents said he was very troubled. Once identified as a suspect, bloodhounds were brought in from Waterloo to help with the search for Throst, who was apprehended in Postville, just as he was about to board a train.
The crime was brutal and attracted attention for that fact. But it got even more attention because the Allamakee County Sheriff at the time was Gunda Martindale. She had been appointed to fill the rest of her husband's term, after he died while in office. It was not uncommon at the time for spouses to be given the job, since sheriffs did not have pensions to benefit their families.
Papers around the country exaggerated her role in the search and capture of Throst. One said she saved him from a lynch mob by taking him into custody. Another quoted her as being anxious to personally spring the trap at his hanging.
When a reporter actually talked to her, Sheriff Gunda Martindale was clear that the active investigation that led to Throst's capture was carried out by deputies, and denied that she had followed the bloodhounds day and night on the trail. It was a good story, but not true. Her term in office ended on January 1, 1923. She did not run for election because, in her words, "the job of sheriff belongs to a man".
As for Earl Throst, he admitted killing Inga Magnussen. And he became the tenth person executed by hanging in Iowa history, in the prison yard at Fort Madison, on this date in 1923.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 9th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Monday, March 08, 2021
"An Attack On Settlers"
The winter of 1856 and 1857 was especially harsh. Supplies were hard to come by, and tensions were high between Iowa frontier settlers and some Native Americans in northwest Iowa.
The federal government had set up a reservation along the Iowa/Minnesota border, pursuant to terms of a treaty. But promised improvements were not made on time, supplies were shipped too late, and what was shipped was not adequate for survival.
On the morning of March 8, 1857, one Native American pushed his way into a cabin occupied by the Rowland Gardner family, a log structure on the south shore of West Okoboji. He demanded food, which was provided. Then another 14 Sioux under the leadership of the renegade chief Inkpaduta entered the cabin. They ate and left.
But they returned that afternoon, and what became known as the Spirit Lake Massacre began. Between 35 and 40 settlers were killed over a five-day period, and four young women were taken captive.
One of the four was Abbie Gardner, a 13-year-old whose family was murdered in that cabin after providing food to the intruders. She was ransomed a few months later to a federal agent who paid two horses, 12 blankets, 20 pounds of tobacco, cloth, calico and ribbon, and two kegs of powder.
Some 30 years after the killing, Abbie Gardner published a memoir, which became popular as one of the last captivity narratives of European Americans being held by Native Americans.
In 1891, she bought the cabin where the events occurred and turned it into a tourist site, where she sold her book and other items for 30 years. The state of Iowa now maintains the Abbie Gardner Sharp home site and park.
The renegade chief Inkpaduta was never found, but the killing spree he organized led to strained relations for decades, and retaliation against innocent individuals. The last Native American attack on settlers in Iowa began on this date in 1857.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 8th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"An Attack On Settlers"
The winter of 1856 and 1857 was especially harsh. Supplies were hard to come by, and tensions were high between Iowa frontier settlers and some Native Americans in northwest Iowa.
The federal government had set up a reservation along the Iowa/Minnesota border, pursuant to terms of a treaty. But promised improvements were not made on time, supplies were shipped too late, and what was shipped was not adequate for survival.
On the morning of March 8, 1857, one Native American pushed his way into a cabin occupied by the Rowland Gardner family, a log structure on the south shore of West Okoboji. He demanded food, which was provided. Then another 14 Sioux under the leadership of the renegade chief Inkpaduta entered the cabin. They ate and left.
But they returned that afternoon, and what became known as the Spirit Lake Massacre began. Between 35 and 40 settlers were killed over a five-day period, and four young women were taken captive.
One of the four was Abbie Gardner, a 13-year-old whose family was murdered in that cabin after providing food to the intruders. She was ransomed a few months later to a federal agent who paid two horses, 12 blankets, 20 pounds of tobacco, cloth, calico and ribbon, and two kegs of powder.
Some 30 years after the killing, Abbie Gardner published a memoir, which became popular as one of the last captivity narratives of European Americans being held by Native Americans.
In 1891, she bought the cabin where the events occurred and turned it into a tourist site, where she sold her book and other items for 30 years. The state of Iowa now maintains the Abbie Gardner Sharp home site and park.
The renegade chief Inkpaduta was never found, but the killing spree he organized led to strained relations for decades, and retaliation against innocent individuals. The last Native American attack on settlers in Iowa began on this date in 1857.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 8th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Friday, March 05, 2021
"The World's Largest Store"
It was the depth of the Great Depression...not exactly a time to open a new retail business. But Sears, Roebuck and Company was different, and on March 5, 1936, Mason City residents saw a Sears store open in their city.
The famous Sears catalog was well known, but at that time, Sears stores had only been around for a decade.
The two-story store was located at 23 to 25 E. State Street in downtown Mason City, welcoming residents with a wide range of affordable merchandise. That year, the company's net sales totaled nearly a half billion dollars. The Mason City store was one of 440 in the U.S.
Before long, the downtown store was too small, and as part of the emerging trend toward a new concept, the shopping center, Sears moved to the new South Federal Avenue shopping center in 1959. The store was a major tenant at the shopping center, which was located on ground formerly occupied by the North Iowa Fair. The new single story, medium size store was one of 16 Sears stores that relocated to larger quarters that year alone. The new 80,000-foot store featured a large furniture and appliance showroom, of course, but also a candy counter, employee cafeteria, and an 8-car service station. The Mason City store began the 1960s as the second largest Sears store in Iowa, employing 120 people. And as the 1990s began, Sears expanded its store in the Southport Shopping Center by taking space formerly used by two neighboring stores.
Like many famed 20th century retailers, Sears has had to reposition itself with increased competition, including from online stores. But north Iowans were on the forefront of something new when the original Sears, Roebuck and Company store in Mason City opened on this date in 1936.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 5th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"The World's Largest Store"
It was the depth of the Great Depression...not exactly a time to open a new retail business. But Sears, Roebuck and Company was different, and on March 5, 1936, Mason City residents saw a Sears store open in their city.
The famous Sears catalog was well known, but at that time, Sears stores had only been around for a decade.
The two-story store was located at 23 to 25 E. State Street in downtown Mason City, welcoming residents with a wide range of affordable merchandise. That year, the company's net sales totaled nearly a half billion dollars. The Mason City store was one of 440 in the U.S.
Before long, the downtown store was too small, and as part of the emerging trend toward a new concept, the shopping center, Sears moved to the new South Federal Avenue shopping center in 1959. The store was a major tenant at the shopping center, which was located on ground formerly occupied by the North Iowa Fair. The new single story, medium size store was one of 16 Sears stores that relocated to larger quarters that year alone. The new 80,000-foot store featured a large furniture and appliance showroom, of course, but also a candy counter, employee cafeteria, and an 8-car service station. The Mason City store began the 1960s as the second largest Sears store in Iowa, employing 120 people. And as the 1990s began, Sears expanded its store in the Southport Shopping Center by taking space formerly used by two neighboring stores.
Like many famed 20th century retailers, Sears has had to reposition itself with increased competition, including from online stores. But north Iowans were on the forefront of something new when the original Sears, Roebuck and Company store in Mason City opened on this date in 1936.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 5th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Thursday, March 04, 2021
"From Iowa Boy To President"
With a simple, "I Will", Herbert Clark Hoover took the oath of office as the 31st president from Supreme Court Chief Justice William Howard Taft, himself a former president.
For most, becoming president would be the highlight of a career resume. But not for Herbert Hoover.
Herbert Hoover was born in West Branch, Iowa on August 10, 1874. By the time he was 9, young Bertie was an orphan, and soon left Iowa to live with relatives in Oregon. He was the first student at Stanford University and became a mining engineer.
When World War I began, Hoover helped organize the return of 120,000 Americans from Europe. By war's end, Hoover was recognized around the world for spearheading global efforts to ward off famine caused by the devastation of war.
A fiscal conservative, one of Hoover's favorite sayings was, "Blessed are the young, for they shall inherit the national debt."
Both Democrats and Republicans wanted him to run for president as their respective party's nominee in 1920. Instead, he became Secretary of Commerce, and by 1928, having declared himself a Republican, he became his party's nominee. He was the overwhelming choice of his countrymen to lead them, winning 58 percent of the popular vote in the 1928 election.
At the time of his swearing in, Hoover could hardly have known that in only six months, the stock market would crash and the U.S. would plunge into the Great Depression. He took the blame, and was defeated in his re-election bid by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932.
But Hoover's talents were used by two other presidents: Harry Truman sought his help in feeding the hungry overseas after World War II, and both Truman and Dwight Eisenhower called upon Hoover to lead separate government reorganization efforts.
But that was all in the future, a future that was filled with hope and optimism, as the only native Iowan to become president took the oath of office on this date in 1929.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 4th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"From Iowa Boy To President"
With a simple, "I Will", Herbert Clark Hoover took the oath of office as the 31st president from Supreme Court Chief Justice William Howard Taft, himself a former president.
For most, becoming president would be the highlight of a career resume. But not for Herbert Hoover.
Herbert Hoover was born in West Branch, Iowa on August 10, 1874. By the time he was 9, young Bertie was an orphan, and soon left Iowa to live with relatives in Oregon. He was the first student at Stanford University and became a mining engineer.
When World War I began, Hoover helped organize the return of 120,000 Americans from Europe. By war's end, Hoover was recognized around the world for spearheading global efforts to ward off famine caused by the devastation of war.
A fiscal conservative, one of Hoover's favorite sayings was, "Blessed are the young, for they shall inherit the national debt."
Both Democrats and Republicans wanted him to run for president as their respective party's nominee in 1920. Instead, he became Secretary of Commerce, and by 1928, having declared himself a Republican, he became his party's nominee. He was the overwhelming choice of his countrymen to lead them, winning 58 percent of the popular vote in the 1928 election.
At the time of his swearing in, Hoover could hardly have known that in only six months, the stock market would crash and the U.S. would plunge into the Great Depression. He took the blame, and was defeated in his re-election bid by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932.
But Hoover's talents were used by two other presidents: Harry Truman sought his help in feeding the hungry overseas after World War II, and both Truman and Dwight Eisenhower called upon Hoover to lead separate government reorganization efforts.
But that was all in the future, a future that was filled with hope and optimism, as the only native Iowan to become president took the oath of office on this date in 1929.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 4th...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Wednesday, March 03, 2021
"The Courthouse Is On Fire"
Around 2 o'clock in the morning of March 3rd, 1882, Marshal James Hammond was making his night rounds in Guthrie Center when he saw a light in the sheriff's office on the second story of the county courthouse. At first, he thought someone was working...but then he smelled something burning, and what he thought was a light was actually a fire burning in the courthouse.
County Clerk of Court F. M. Hopkins was the first to arrive after hearing the alarm bells ring in town. His office was directly under the sheriff's office, but when he entered his office, he found the ceiling had already burned through, and fire was falling down from the second story. He quickly ran upstairs to the court room, to save the records in place there for use in the morning. Meanwhile, County Recorder T.C. Hayden and a group removed all the records from that office, and Treasurer J.D. Lennon gathered some items from his office's vault.
As the Guthrie County Journal newspaper told the story, "While these labors were being performed, the fire gathered headway with rapidity and everybody was driven out of the building...the burning of the dome was a grand spectacle lighting up the surrounding scenery a great distance."
The courthouse was only five years old, but soon was reduced to ruins by the fire. The citizens who responded kept the fire from spreading to the nearly Baptist church, real estate office, ice house, and grocery store.
The building was insured, and with the $15,000 of proceeds, the citizens soon built a new courthouse at a total cost of $25,000, including furniture. It took two years to build, but lasted far longer than the first one...81 years, in fact, until it, too, was destroyed by fire as the current structure was being built in 1964.
But the first county courthouse in Guthrie Center burned to the ground, on this date in 1882.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 3rd...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"The Courthouse Is On Fire"
Around 2 o'clock in the morning of March 3rd, 1882, Marshal James Hammond was making his night rounds in Guthrie Center when he saw a light in the sheriff's office on the second story of the county courthouse. At first, he thought someone was working...but then he smelled something burning, and what he thought was a light was actually a fire burning in the courthouse.
County Clerk of Court F. M. Hopkins was the first to arrive after hearing the alarm bells ring in town. His office was directly under the sheriff's office, but when he entered his office, he found the ceiling had already burned through, and fire was falling down from the second story. He quickly ran upstairs to the court room, to save the records in place there for use in the morning. Meanwhile, County Recorder T.C. Hayden and a group removed all the records from that office, and Treasurer J.D. Lennon gathered some items from his office's vault.
As the Guthrie County Journal newspaper told the story, "While these labors were being performed, the fire gathered headway with rapidity and everybody was driven out of the building...the burning of the dome was a grand spectacle lighting up the surrounding scenery a great distance."
The courthouse was only five years old, but soon was reduced to ruins by the fire. The citizens who responded kept the fire from spreading to the nearly Baptist church, real estate office, ice house, and grocery store.
The building was insured, and with the $15,000 of proceeds, the citizens soon built a new courthouse at a total cost of $25,000, including furniture. It took two years to build, but lasted far longer than the first one...81 years, in fact, until it, too, was destroyed by fire as the current structure was being built in 1964.
But the first county courthouse in Guthrie Center burned to the ground, on this date in 1882.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 3rd...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Tuesday, March 02, 2021
"Iowa's World-Renowned Voice"
As an African-American growing up in Centerville in the 1930s and 1940s, a young man called Billy by his family endured his share of racism, such as not being allowed into the community swimming pool.
His father was a coal miner; his grandfather, a former slave who had been sold at auction for $500.
He and his family were active in the Baptist church, and that's where he discovered a talent for music.
At age 13, his then soprano voice earned him top honors when the Bill Riley State Fair Talent Search came to town. As he grew older, his voice developed into a rich bass-baritone and by the time he began studies at the University of Iowa in 1957, others began to notice his gift...including vocal teacher Charles Kellis, who encouraged the young man to make singing his career after his work as a member of the UI's Old Gold Singers...the first black singer in the group's history.
He studied at the Juilliard School of Music for a year, then made his professional stage debut in Germany in 1965. He first graced the Metropolitan Opera stage in New York in 1982. In all, he has performed throughout the world in 101 operatic roles, including as Porgy in Porgy and Bess. His first White House performance was in 1966...in all, he has sung for five U.S. presidents.
He now spends much of his time in Iowa, teaching at various Iowa colleges, giving benefit concerts, and working to combat malaria and AIDS in Africa.
He was named for his father, but to avoid confusion, as a boy he was called Billy. But you know him by his given name, Simon...the world-renowned singer Simon Estes, who was born on this date, in 1938.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 2nd...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"Iowa's World-Renowned Voice"
As an African-American growing up in Centerville in the 1930s and 1940s, a young man called Billy by his family endured his share of racism, such as not being allowed into the community swimming pool.
His father was a coal miner; his grandfather, a former slave who had been sold at auction for $500.
He and his family were active in the Baptist church, and that's where he discovered a talent for music.
At age 13, his then soprano voice earned him top honors when the Bill Riley State Fair Talent Search came to town. As he grew older, his voice developed into a rich bass-baritone and by the time he began studies at the University of Iowa in 1957, others began to notice his gift...including vocal teacher Charles Kellis, who encouraged the young man to make singing his career after his work as a member of the UI's Old Gold Singers...the first black singer in the group's history.
He studied at the Juilliard School of Music for a year, then made his professional stage debut in Germany in 1965. He first graced the Metropolitan Opera stage in New York in 1982. In all, he has performed throughout the world in 101 operatic roles, including as Porgy in Porgy and Bess. His first White House performance was in 1966...in all, he has sung for five U.S. presidents.
He now spends much of his time in Iowa, teaching at various Iowa colleges, giving benefit concerts, and working to combat malaria and AIDS in Africa.
He was named for his father, but to avoid confusion, as a boy he was called Billy. But you know him by his given name, Simon...the world-renowned singer Simon Estes, who was born on this date, in 1938.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 2nd...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
Iowa Almanac for Monday, March 01, 2021
"Selling A Television Station"
On February 21st, 1950, local television came to central Iowa, as WOI-TV began broadcasting from the campus of Iowa State University in Ames, the first station to serve the region.
Even after other stations signed on, the station still claimed a number of firsts, including being the first station in the Des Moines market to produce a live local newscast, and in 1981, the first local station in the country to originate a live broadcast of an NCAA athletic event via satellite.
The station maintained a close relationship with ISU and was a laboratory for students in journalism and meteorology. In 1987, in order to allow WOI-TV to operate independently from the university, a separate corporation was established to run Channel 5. The profits from the station and rent paid for using university facilities often added up to a half-million dollars a year of revenue for ISU.
But on June 17, 1992, the state Board of Regents voted to sell the station for $14 million, which was to be placed in trust and the revenue used to support Iowa State.
Alumni, faculty, students and members of the public objected, since at that time WOI was one of only three commercial stations in the country to be owned by a university. A lawsuit ensued, challenging the Regents' authority to sell off university assets. However, the sale went through and the new owners took over on March 1st, 1994.
Major changes were immediately evident, including the abrupt cancellation of the longest-running, locally-produced children's program in U.S. television history, The Magic Window.
The station was sold again in September of 2013, this time as part of a three-station cluster that brought $88 million.
But the check for $14 million from that first sale had cleared, and the keys to WOI-TV were given to private owners, on this date in 1994.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 1st...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.
"Selling A Television Station"
On February 21st, 1950, local television came to central Iowa, as WOI-TV began broadcasting from the campus of Iowa State University in Ames, the first station to serve the region.
Even after other stations signed on, the station still claimed a number of firsts, including being the first station in the Des Moines market to produce a live local newscast, and in 1981, the first local station in the country to originate a live broadcast of an NCAA athletic event via satellite.
The station maintained a close relationship with ISU and was a laboratory for students in journalism and meteorology. In 1987, in order to allow WOI-TV to operate independently from the university, a separate corporation was established to run Channel 5. The profits from the station and rent paid for using university facilities often added up to a half-million dollars a year of revenue for ISU.
But on June 17, 1992, the state Board of Regents voted to sell the station for $14 million, which was to be placed in trust and the revenue used to support Iowa State.
Alumni, faculty, students and members of the public objected, since at that time WOI was one of only three commercial stations in the country to be owned by a university. A lawsuit ensued, challenging the Regents' authority to sell off university assets. However, the sale went through and the new owners took over on March 1st, 1994.
Major changes were immediately evident, including the abrupt cancellation of the longest-running, locally-produced children's program in U.S. television history, The Magic Window.
The station was sold again in September of 2013, this time as part of a three-station cluster that brought $88 million.
But the check for $14 million from that first sale had cleared, and the keys to WOI-TV were given to private owners, on this date in 1994.
And that's Iowa Almanac for March 1st...Listen to the extended audio version of today's story by clicking on the audio player above.